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REDES: CENTRALIZADAS, DESCENTRALIZADAS Y DISTRIBUIDAS

En este tiempo en que el posicionamiento de Facebook causa inquietud, vale la pena recordar las diferencias entre sistemas centralizados, redes descentralizadas y redes distribuidas.

Un sistema centralizado consiste en traspasar la información (o las ordenes) desde un único punto. Un ejemplo clásico sería el de la televisión. La información se emite desde un único punto y los receptores (antes se llamaban así a los aparatos de televisión) reciben la información que quieren dar desde ese punto central.

Un sistema descentralizado consiste en tener una estructura de nodos donde la información funciona tipo árbol. Desde el centro se emiten informaciones y esas informaciones son recibidas por unos nodos intermedios, de tal forma que esos nodos intermedios pueden o no emitir esa información hacia los receptores finales. El ejemplo sería el de la iglesia, donde desde un poder central (El Vaticano) , se emite información que se recibe en las parroquías y en cada una de ellas se vuelve a emitir información que llegan hasta los receptores finales, que en este caso serían los feligreses.

En una red distribuida, cualquier receptor final puede ser a la vez emisor. De la misma forma que todos los receptores pueden escoger cual es la fuente (emisor) que más le conviene. No encuentro ningún ejemplo social (excepto el de la web 2.0) para ilustrarlo, pero si en la naturaleza, la idea sería parecida a la capacidad de ramificación de las neuronas donde cada neurona tiene unas ramificaciones que son capaces de unirse a otras neuronas mediante lo que se conoce como sinapsis.La potencia de las redes distribuidas esta en la eliminación de filtros o sesgos en la información. Eliminar o sesgar algunos de los puntos de información no imposibilitará que el sistema siga funcionando, porque el sistema de redes distribuidas seguira funcionando.

En las redes distribuidas nadie depende de nadie para pasar información, sino que todos dependen de todos y la libertad individual permite o no conectarse a una red. ‘Alguien propone y se suma quien quiere’ De Ugarte.

Con un sistema pluriárquico se entiende por qué en las redes no existe «dirección» en el sentido tradicional, pero también por qué inevitablemente surgen en su interior grupos cuyo principal objetivo es conferir fluidez al funcionamiento y los flujos de la red. Son grupos especializados en proponer acciones de conjunto y facilitarlas. No suelen estar orientados hacia fuera, sino hacia el interior, aunque inevitablemente acaben siendo tomados, desde fuera, por la representación del conjunto de la red o, cuando menos, como la materialización de la identidad que los define. Estos grupos son los netócratas de cada red, sus líderes en un cierto sentido, ya que no pueden tomar decisiones pero juegan con su trayectoria, prestigio e identificación con los valores que aglutinan la red o parte de ella a la hora de proponer acciones comunes. De Ugarte
El poder pluriarquico impide que un elemento pueda suponer la paralisis del sistema porque el poder esta distribuido.
Vivir y comunicar en red supone previamente aceptar y vivir en diversidad. De Ugarte

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